CA FOUNDATION – Accounts, Law, QA, Economics

In this section, we bring to you an overview of the subjects and structure of the CA Foundation course. This information is from the new syllabus of the CA Foundation Course. Foundation Course is the entry level for Chartered Accountancy Course. Students after appearing in class 12th examination conducted by an examining body constituted by law in India or an examination recognized by the Central Government as equivalent thereto, can register for Foundation Course.

CA Foundation Syllabus & Subjects 2025: Marks & Weightage

The ICAI has launched the CA basis 2025 syllabus, that is relevant for the June 2025 exams. The syllabus will permit you to realize the objective of the subjects, devices & subjects you’ll examine, paper sample and marks weightage.

Students can down load the CA foundation syllabus pdf of all the topics from the ICAI website.College students have to observe the ICAI CA foundation take a look at cloth. Moreover, they ought to select books with up to date Syllabus only.

ICAI will enforce the CA New Scheme that introduces numerous adjustments in the CA foundation path. These modifications are proposed to prepare the imminent CAs per global requirements. We have also cited the adjustments in the CA foundation syllabus for the 2025 tests in this web page.

Paper 1

• Accounting (100 Marks)

Paper 2

• Business Laws (100 Marks)

Paper 3

• Quantitative Aptitude: (100 Marks)
• Part A: Business Mathematics (40 Marks)
• Part B: Logical Reasoning (20 Marks)
• Part C: Statistics (40 Marks)

Paper 4

• Business Economics (100 Marks)

CA Foundation Syllabus 2025

Paper 1: Principles and Practices of Accounting Syllabus (100 Marks)

The first paper of the CA Foundation course is Principles and Practices of Accounting . The syllabus of CA Foundation Accounts consists of basic accounting, which students might have studied in the 11th and 12th.

The CA Foundation Accounts syllabus for the exams is as follows:

Module 1:

1. Theoretical Framework
   • Meaning and Scope of Accounting.
   • Accounting Concepts, Principles, and Conventions.
   • Capital and Revenue Expenditure and Receipts
   • Contingent Assets and Contingent Liabilities.
   • Accounting Policies
   • Accounting as a Measurement Discipline – Valuation, Principles, Accounting Estimates
   • Accounting Standards
2. Accounting Process
   • Basic Accounting Procedure – Journal Entries.
   • Ledgers.
   • Trail Balance
   • Subsidiary Books.
   • Cash Book.
   • Rectification of Error
3. Bank Reconciliation Statements
4. Inventories
5. Depreciation and Amortisation
6. Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes
7. Preparation of Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors
   • Final Accounts of Non-Manufacturing Entities
   • Final Accounts of Manufacturing Entities

Module 2:

1. Financial Statements of Not-for-profit Organisations
2. Accounts from Incomplete Records
3. Partnership and LLP Accounts
   • Introduction to Partnership Accounts.
   • Treatment of Goodwill in Partnership Accounts.
   • Admission of a New Partner.
   • Retirement of a Partner.
   • Death of a Partner.
   • Dissolution of Partnership Firms and LLPs
4. Company Accounts
   • Introduction to Company Accounts.
   • Issue, Forfeiture and Re-Issue of Shares.
   • Issue of Debentures.
   • Accounting for Bonus Issue and Right Issue.
   • Redemption of Preference Shares.
   • Redemption of Debentures.

Paper 2: Business Laws (100 Marks)

The syllabus of paper 2 is more on a theoretical parts. The CA Foundation Law syllabus consists of theory and needs to be prepared in depth. So students should cover this syllabus as soon as possible so that they can get tiem for revison.

The CA Foundation Business Laws syllabus for the exams is as follows:

1. Indian Regulatory Framework/li>
2. The Indian Contract Act, 1872
   • Nature of Contracts.
   • Consideration.
   • Other Essential Elements of a Contract.
   • Performance of Contract.
   • Breach of Contract and its Remedies.
   • Contingent and Quasi Contracts.
   • Contract of Indemnity and Guarantee.
   • Bailment and Pledge
   • Agency
3. The Sale of Goods Act, 1930
   • Formation of the Contract of Sale
   • Conditions & Warranties
   • Transfer of Ownership and Delivery of Goods
   • Unpaid Seller
4. The Indian Partnership Act, 1932
   • General Nature of Partnership
   • Relations of Partners
   • Registration and Dissolution of a Firm
5. The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008
6. The Companies Act, 2013
7. The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881

Paper 3: Quantitative Aptitude (100 Marks)

Quantitative Aptitude is the third paper of the CA Foundation.

The CA Foundation Quantitative Aptitude syllabus for the exams is as follows:

Part A: Business Mathematics Syllabus

1. Ratio and Proportion, Indices and Logarithms Equations
2. Linear Inequalities with Objective Functions and Optimization w.r.t. objective function.
3. Mathematics of Finance
4. Basic Concepts of Permutations and Combinations
5. Sequence and Series – Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions
6. Sets, Relations and Functions, Basics of Limits and Continuity functions
7. Basic Applications of Differential and Integral Calculus in Business and Economics

Part B: Logical Reasoning Syllabus

1. Number Series, Coding and Decoding and Odd Man Out
2. Direction Tests.
3. Seating Arrangements.
4. Blood Relations.

Part C: Statistics

1. Statistical Representation of Data
   • Sampling
2. Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion.
3. Probability.
4. Theoretical Distributions.
5. Correlation and Regression
6. Index Numbers

Paper 4: Business Economics (100 Marks)

Business Economics is the fourth and last subject of the CA Foundation. This subject helps students learn the concept of Business Economics .

The CA Foundation Business Economics syllabus for the exams is as follows:

1. Nature & Scope of Business Economics
   • Introduction
   • Basic Problems of an Economy & Role of Price Mechanism
2. Theory of Demand and Supply
   • Law of Demand and Elasticity of Demand
   • Theory of Consumer Behaviour
   • Supply
3. Theory of Production and Cost
   • Theory of Production
   • Theory of Cost
4. Price Determination in Different Markets
   • Meaning and Types of Markets
   • Determination of Prices
   • Price Output Determination under Different Market Forms
5. Business Cycles
6. Determination of National Income
   • National Income Accounting
   • The Keynesian Theory of Determination of National Income
7. Public Finance
   • Fiscal Functions: An Overview, Centre and State Finance
   • Market Failure/ Government intervention to correct Market Failure
   • The Process of Budget Making: Sources of Revenue, Expenditure Management and Management of Public Debt
   • Fiscal Policy
8. Money Market
   • The Concept of Money Demand: Important Theories
   • The Concept of Money Supply
   • Monetary Policy
9. International Trade
   • Theories of International Trade
   • The Instruments of Trade Policy
   • Trade Negotiations
   • Exchange Rate and Its Economic Effects
   • International Capital Movements
10. Indian Economy

Frequently Asked Questions

Ques 1 : I am a Class XI student who passed class X recently. Am I eligible to register for the Foundation Course?

Ans : Yes. Students after passing Class 10th examination conducted by an examining body constituted by law in India or an examination recognised by the Central Government or the State Government as equivalent thereto, may provisionally register in Foundation Course of ICAI.

Ques 2 : I am a Class XII student. Am I eligible to register for the Foundation Course?

Ans : Yes. Students after passing Class 10th examination conducted by an examining body constituted by law in India or an examination recognised by the Central Government or the State Government as equivalent thereto may provisionally register in Foundation Course of ICAI Such students are required to register latest by 1st January, 2021 so as to eligible to appear in May/June, 2021 Foundation Examination.

Ques 3 : I am a Class XII student who wish to become CA. When can I register for the Foundation course?

Ans : You can register with the Board of Studies of the Institute on or before 1st day of January or 1st day of July for the examination to be held in the months of May/June or November/December respectively. In other words, 4 months study period is required before appearing in Foundation Examination.

Ques 4 : I am a class XII student and if I register for the Foundation course now, will I be able to appear in the Foundation exams being held in May 2025 ?

Ans : Eligibility Criteria for appearing in Foundation Examination is as under:-
(a) Student has to register with the Board of Studies of the Institute on or before 1st day of January or 1st day of July for the examination to be held in the months of May/June or November/December respectively. In other words, 4 months study period is required before appearing in Foundation Examination.
(b) Student should have appeared in the Senior Secondary (10+2) Examination conducted by an examining body constituted by law in India or an examination recognised by the Central Government (or the State Government) as equivalent thereto (for the purpose of admission to graduation course)

Ques 5 : I am a Class XII student who will be appearing in class XII exams. in March/April 2025. Suppose I register and clear Foundation exams of May 2025 but I fail to clear class XII exams, will my Foundation result be valid?

Ans : Your provisional admission to Foundation course will be regularized only when you clear Class XII exams.

Ques 6 : Is there any change in the syllabus and fee of the Foundation Course?

Ans : Candidates may note that they have to look for latest Syllabus and Registration Fee of the Foundation Course.

Ques 7 : Where can I register myself for the Foundation course ?

Ans : For Registration, students may visit https://eservices.icai.org/

Ques 8 : How will I be able to get the Study Material?

Ans : After confirmation of registration in Foundation Course, student can place order at https://icai-cds.org/

Ques 9 : Whether any classes are conducted by ICAI for students appearing in Foundation Examination?

Ans : Free classes are conducted by ICAI for Foundation level. For details, students may regularly visit Institute’s BOS Knowledge Portal for announcements in this regard.